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Women in Archaeology joins The Springer Women in Engineering and Science series at the invitation of Jill S. Tietjen, editor of the series. The series aims to raise awareness of the fundamental contributions of women in science and engineering, going deep into their experiences in practicing in an unusual combination of the personal and professional. Women in Archaeology extends the series to the social sciences and the humanities with the support of 43 remarkable female archaeologists working in different socio-economic and political environments in six world regions at all levels of their professional careers. The 29 chapters in this volume introduce their research and experiences in practicing archaeology in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Australia. In uniting this group of dedicated archaeologists, I made sure to represent the concerns and experiences of those women from less privileged areas in the world. Together, they tell the stories of many women worldwide who dedicate themselves to advancing knowledge and human understanding in academia and the private and public sectors. The authors in this volume celebrate women who are no longer with us, reminding us of their contributions to archaeology at a time when women had almost no voice, nor were they credited for their work by their brothers, fathers, husbands, and male colleagues. Thus, this volume demonstrates that women have always been present in the development of archaeology as a profession.

The Ural area can be defined as the natural geographic boundary between Europe and Asia. It covers several administrative provinces of the Russian Federation: Bashkortostan, Orenburg, Sverdlovsk, and Chelyabinsk regions. These provinces form an enormous landscape of great environmental diversity: steppe, forest-steppe, forests, and mountains. The territory is rich in archaeological sites from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. Universities and Institutes of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are in this vast region, creating a vast network of collaborating scientists. This chapter focuses on the scientific studies, mainly of three women archaeologists from the Russian Federation. They represent three generations of education and training in the Trans-Urals: Ludmila Koryakova (Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg), Natalia Chairkina (Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg), Elena Kupriyanova (Сhelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk). Therefore, in this chapter, we introduce the scientific achievements of these women in investigating archaeological sites from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age (the tenth millennium BCE – the first half of the first millennium CE) in this area.